![]() In 1646, Frederick Henry founded the Orange College of Breda, modelled on Saumur, Geneva, and Oxford, intending it to train young men of good family for the army and the civil service. In the Siege of Breda of 1637 the city was recaptured by Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, after a four-month siege, and in 1648 it was finally ceded to the Dutch Republic by the Treaty of Westphalia. Īfter a ten-month siege in 1624–25, the city again surrendered to the Spaniards, now led by Spinola the event was immortalized by Diego Velázquez. Around 1610 the construction of the Spanish Gate or "Spanjaardsgat" was started as a remembrance to that successful action. In March 1590, Breda fell back into the hands of the Dutch and Maurice of Nassau, when a 68 men hand-picked force, concealed under the turf of a peat-boat, had contrived to enter the city in a daring plan devised by Adriaen van Bergen ( Siege of Breda (1590)). In the resulting mayhem, known as Haultpenne's Fury, over 500 citizens were killed. Although the city had surrendered upon the condition that it would not be plundered, the troops vented their fury upon the inhabitants. In July 1581, during the Eighty Years' War, Breda was captured in a surprise attack and siege by Spanish troops then under the command of Claudius van Barlaymont, whose sobriquet was Haultpenne. Only 150 houses and the main church remained. In 1534 a fire destroyed over nine tenths of the city, close to 1300 houses, churches, and chapels, and the town hall. ![]() ![]() In 1534 Henry III of Nassau-Breda rebuilt the modest medieval fortifications in impressive style. A great church was built in Brabantine Gothic style with an elegant 97-metre-high (318 ft) tower, called Grote Kerk (main church) or also Onze Lieve Vrouwe Kerk (Church of Our Lady). In the 15th century the city's physical, economic and strategic importance expanded rapidly. The most impressive one, built by the Italian architect Thomas Vincidor de Bologna for the first Dutch prince, was the first renaissance-style palace built north of the Alps. The presence of the Orange-Nassau family attracted other nobles, who built palatial residences in the old quarters of the city. The acquisition of the city by the House of Orange-Nassau marked its emergence as a residentiestad (residence city). The Surrender of Breda, by Diego Velázquez. Breda remained part of the barony of Breda until it was captured by French revolutionary forces in 1795. Thus, the baron of Breda was also Count of Nassau in the Holy Roman Empire, Prince of Orange, and (the main) stadtholder in the Dutch Republic (from 1572 to 1650, 1672–1702, 1747–1795). Through her, the city came into the possession of the House of Nassau, where it remained until 1795, passing to William I of Orange (1533–1584), stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, and Utrecht and leader of the Dutch revolt. In 1403, the heiress of his line, Johanna of Polanen (1392–1445), married Engelbert I of Nassau (1370–1442 his sarcophagus is in the Grote Kerk in Breda). In 1350, the fief was resold to Johannes II of Wassenaar (d. In 1327, Adelheid of Gaveren sold Breda to Duke Johannes III of Brabant. The city constructed brick walls and Roman-style gates. After that Breda had the rights to build fortifications. The city of Breda obtained a municipal charter in 1252. In the 11th century, Breda was a direct fief of the Holy Roman Emperor, its earliest known lord being Henry of Brunesheim (1080–1125). ![]() See also: Timeline of Breda Historical population Year Breda had a population of 184,126 in 2021 the metropolitan area had a population of 324,812. Although a direct fiefdom of the Holy Roman Emperor, the city obtained a municipal charter the acquisition of Breda, through marriage, by the House of Nassau ensured that Breda would be at the centre of political and social life in the Low Countries. It is equidistant between Rotterdam and Antwerp.Īs a fortified city, it was of strategic military and political significance. Breda hasġ85,072 inhabitants on 13 September 2022 and is part of the Brabantse Stedenrij it is the ninth largest city/municipality in the country, and the third largest in North Brabant after Eindhoven and Tilburg. The name derived from brede Aa ('wide Aa' or 'broad Aa') and refers to the confluence of the rivers Mark and Aa. Breda ( Dutch: ( listen)) is a city and municipality in the southern part of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Brabant.
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